朱健刚 邓红丽
摘 要：改革开放后的四十余年间，中国的公益慈善力量不断壮大，成为中国社会现代性建构的新领域。本文从当代史的维度，以改革开放以来中国公益慈善组织的发展历程为基础，探讨公益慈善事业的中国式现代化。本文指出，在这四十余年间，中国公益慈善事业发展受社群主义思潮影响，生产出具有现代意义的公民公益。在实践中，这种公民公益又始终与国家政策和治理制度密切相关。公益慈善事业的中国式现代化其实就是原有计划体制内的慈善捐赠和志愿服务逐步脱嵌于计划体制，逐渐形成以公民权利和责任为价值基础的现代公益慈善的运作规则和法治体系，进而现代公益再与原有体制互动、再嵌入现代国家治理体系的过程。这种公民公益催生出了一个不同于西方但又相对自主和鼓励参与的社会。新时代下，公益慈善事业的中国式现代化面临新的挑战和机遇。社会组织可从在治理方式上与国家治理体系形成新的合作治理关系、在服务内容上立足于基层社区提供高质量服务、在行业生态上融合商业创新思维，在技术手段上借助互联网慈善的新模式等方面来尝试提高自身能力，助力公益慈善事业的新的现代化进程。
关键词：现代化；公益慈善；社会组织；嵌入
Modernizing Philanthropy in China:
A Perspective on the Contemporary History of Social Organizations
Abstract: In the four decades since the commencement of economic reforms and opening up, China's philanthropic forces have steadily strengthened, emerging as a pivotal domain in the construction of Chinese social modernity. This article, viewed through the lens of contemporary history, delves into the Chinese-Style modernization of philanthropy by tracing the developmental trajectory of Chinese philanthropic organizations since the inception of reforms and opening up. It underscores that over these forty years, the evolution of philanthropy in China has been shaped by Western socialist ideologies, resulting in the emergence of civic philanthropy imbued with modern significance. In practical terms, this civic philanthropy has remained intricately linked with state policies and governance systems. The essence of the Chinese-Style modernization of philanthropy lies in the gradual disentanglement of charitable donations and voluntary services from the planned economy system in which they were initially embedded. Subsequently, through a dual adjustment process shaped by Western ideologies and local customs, grounded in the principles of citizen rights and responsibilities, is systematically developed. This evolutionary process fosters interaction between modern philanthropy and the original system, ultimately resulting in philanthropy being reintegrated into the contemporary state governance framework. This form of civic philanthropy has given rise to a society distinct from the West, characterized by relative autonomy and a strong encouragement of public participation. In the contemporary era, the Chinese-Style modernization of philanthropy encounters both fresh challenges and opportunities. Social organizations have the potential to establish novel cooperative governance relationships with the state governance system. By prioritizing the delivery of high-quality services at the grassroots level and incorporating innovative commercial thinking within the industry ecosystem, they can enhance their own capabilities. Furthermore, leveraging innovative models of internet philanthropy in technological approaches can play a pivotal role in this modernization process. These concerted efforts are aimed at contributing significantly to the ongoing evolution of philanthropy.
Key words: Modernization, Philanthropy, Social organization, Embed