李健
摘 要：作为推动中国传统政治思想现代转型的关键人物，梁启超为新旧古今之交的中国思想界贡献了现代国家建设的早期方案，为中国现代国家理论的发展奠定了基础。而在梁启超现代国家思想的形成过程中，卢梭发挥了举足轻重的影响。梁启超曾极度推崇卢梭的国家理念，并将其作为国家学说的主要思想资源，提出了“国家公产说”。当然，梁启超一度对卢梭的国家学说有所怀疑与批判，由“国家公产说”转向“国家有机体说”，但他并没有脱离卢梭国家论的基本观点，即便出于现实语境的需要而对此讳莫如深。因此，以梁启超系统推介卢梭国家学说的文章《卢梭学案》为中心并兼顾他的其余作品展开考察，说明梁启超的现代国家观及卢梭的影响，将有利于我们追溯中国政治思想现代转型的思想源泉。
关键词： 梁启超；卢梭；国家；《卢梭学案》
On Rousseau's Influence on Liang Qichao's View of the Modern State
——An Examination Centred on“Lu Suo Xue An”
Abstract: As a key figure in promoting the modern transformation of traditional Chinese political thought, Liang Qichao contributed the early proposal of modern state building to the Chinese intellectual community at the intersection of the old and the new, and laid the foundation for the development of Chinese state theory. In the process of forming Liang Qichao's modern state thought, Rousseau played a pivotal role, and Liang Qichao highly admired Rousseau's idea of the state and used it as the main ideological resource for the doctrine of the state. Of course, Liang once doubted and criticized Rousseau's doctrine of the state, but he did not entirely depart from the basic ideas of Rousseau's state theory, even though he kept it to himself for the sake of the realistic context. Therefore, an examination of Liang Qichao's modern view of the state and Rousseau's influence, centered on his essay "Lu Suo Xue An", which systematically promotes Rousseau's doctrine of the state, and taking into account the rest of his works, will help us trace the intellectual sources of the modern transformation of Chinese political thought.
Key words: Liang Qichao, Rousseau, State, “Lu Suo Xue An ”