中国电子政务政策综述(2001-2021):基于国家能力的视角

谢思娴  黄  璜

摘 要:电子政务是信息化时代提升国家能力水平、优化国家能力结构的重要手段。回顾2001-2021年中国电子政务政策历程,可以发现其与国家能力体系建构这一政策目标相匹配,与阶段化的经济社会发展特点这一宏观背景相适应:一是完善信息系统建设、促进多级平台对接、强化资源整合共享,以“政府信息化”增强聚合型国家能力;二是加强整体性业务协同,开展大数据决策分析,实施全方位在线监管,落实全过程电子留痕,以“互联网+监管”促进管控型国家能力;三是提供主动式信息服务,扩大多渠道宣传引导,保障开放式群众反馈,以“互联网+政务服务”提升互动型国家能力。二十年来,中国电子政务不断探索新技术、新理念、新模式,推动国家能力水平提升和协调发展,为创新现代化治理、发展现代化国家提供坚实且完备的支撑力量。

关键词:电子政务;国家能力;政策目标

【作 者】谢思娴,北京大学政府管理学院博士研究生;黄璜,北京大学政府管理学院副院长,公共政策研究中心主任,公共治理研究所副所长,教授,通讯作者。

【Title】A Review of China's E-government Policies(2001-2021): From the Perspective of National Capacity

Abstract: From the perspective of national capacity, this article reviews China's e-government policies over the past 20 years. A conceptual framework is constructed by categorizing the national capacities as the capacity to integrate resources, to conduct internal and external regulation, and to interact with the society. Within this framework,China's main e-government policies are divided into three parts. Firstly, those policies related to the informatization of government affairs lie in improving the ability to assemble diverse, dispersed resources. Secondly, a series of "internet plus regulation" policies enable the country to restrain government behaviors as well as manage complex social situations. Thirdly, the introduction of "Internet plus government services" policies aims at encouraging public supervision and participation in order to pursue people-centered development. It is obvious for the present information era that e-government is not only a necessary requisite to maintain prosperous national capacity but also an important way towards highly modernized country.  

Key words: E-government, National Capacity, Policy review