——以近代留美政治学人张忠紱为个案之探讨
张睦楚
【摘 要】近代中国政治学科的发端及创立，促进了中国政治价值、话语及思维从传统向现代的根本性转换，并促使中国社会的政治生活及价值观念、政治话语及治国思维从传统向现代的迅速转换。政治学人作为学科知识分子中的代表者或最优者，同时也是在学科发展中有社会影响或在某一方面对社会的关怀表现极为特殊的知识分子，是学科实践活动中的创建者、活跃分子和极有影响的代表人物。从实质上来看，学人与学科两者隶属不同的领域，因此不可避免地产生了一系列复杂交错的问题，主要体现为近代学人个体大多在近代风云变幻的牵制之下努力寻找一种学人与学科理想与现实之间互动的“最近发展区”。因而，本研究以政治学人对学科求索的个案进行研究，有助于更全面、更深入地认识近代政治学科的发展历程，也有助于探寻近代政治学人如何不断塑造自我的学科观点，凝聚自我的学科目标、强化自我的学科信仰等一系列问题。值得注意的是，这一求索虽然未能涵盖整体的学科问题，但却足以折射出近代“政治变迁”与“学人一生”的双向互动命运。
【关键词】留美学生；政治学人；政治学科；学科互动；近代留学；留学教育史
Abstract: During the period of the republic of China, the interaction between political scholars studying in the United States and the discipline, on the one hand, was conducive to a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the discipline, and on the other hand, to a kind of positioning, a kind of understanding and grasping of the position, role, status and relationship of self-study discipline. As the representative or the best among the subject intellectuals, political scholars are the intellectuals who have social influence on the development of the subject or show special concern for the society in a certain aspect. They are the founders, activists and influential representatives in the practice of the subject. Due to the fact that scholars and disciplines belong to the same field in essence, a series of complicated interlocked problems inevitably arise, which is reflected in the fact that most individuals of modern scholars are trying to find a "zone of recent development" between the ideal and reality of scholars and disciplines under the constraint of modern vicissitudes. Also based on the particularity of modern Chinese social change on the other hand, we can shape self-discipline idea unceasingly, condensed the discipline target and to strengthen the self-discipline of self-belief, therefore change period in modern China political economist and interactive relationship of discipline, is enough to reflect the "political change" and "discipline life" two-way fate.
Key words: Educated-Students in America, Political Intellectuals, Political Discipline, Discipline Interaction, History of overseas Education