孙明
摘 要：本文从周秦汉唐对治道的理解出发，结合历史背景、思想言说与礼制构建，将先代帝王祭祀与孔子祭祀两套礼制合而观之。在两种国家祭礼的发展源流与礼制形态中，可以看到“道”从政教合一到狭义的“治”“道”两分，对“道”的偶像的祭祀和意义寄托也随之制度化的历史变迁，在形格势禁的“分”的趋势下，“合”仍是治道的诉求。
关键词：先代帝王；孔子；祭祀；治道
【作者】孙明，北京大学政府管理学院助理教授，北京大学公共治理研究所研究员。
【Title】The Early Emperors and Confucius in the National Sacrifice Rites: The Generation of the "Emperor- Confucian Master " Division in the Ritual System of Ancient China
Abstract: Starting from the understanding of governance in the Zhou, Qin, Han, and Tang dynasties, combined with historical background, ideological discourse, and the construction of ritual systems, this paper combines the two sets of ritual systems of the worship of the previous emperors and the worship of Confucius. In the development source and ritual system of the two national ceremonies, we can see that the "Tao" has changed from Caesaropapism to the narrow sense of "governance" and "Tao". The worship and meaning of the "Tao" idol has also changed institutionally. Under the trend of "separation", "integration" is still the demand of governance.
Key words: Previous emperors; Confucius; Sacrifice; Tao of governance