赵 娟 常多粉 孟天广
摘 要：伴随着通用人工智能时代的来临，人工智能技术的快速发展为人类生产方式、生活方式和治理方式的转型提供了强大的科技支撑与创新动力，与此同时，人工智能应用普及所伴生的风险问题亟待有效治理。本文从人工智能治理的技术、组织、政策、伦理四个维度，构建了TOPE人工智能治理框架，并基于政策文本分析，系统比较美国、欧盟、日本和中国在四大维度上的人工智能治理实践异同。各国人工智能治理应充分考虑TOPE四大维度的协同治理策略与交互促进作用，共同构建全球人工智能治理的联动智能生态系统。
关键词：人工智能；发展进路；治理框架;TOPE
【作者】赵娟，北京化工大学文法学院公共管理系副教授；常多粉，清华大学社会科学学院政治学系博士后研究员；孟天广（通讯作者），清华大学社会科学学院副院长、政治学系长聘教授。
【Title】The Development Approaches of Artificial Intelligence Governance at Home and Abroad: Based on TOPE Governance Framework
Abstract: With the advent of the era of general artificial intelligence, the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI) technology has provided strong technological support and innovative impetus for the transformation of human production modes, lifestyle, and governance. At the same time, the ethical risks associated with the popularization of AI applications urgently need to be effectively addressed. This article constructs the TOPE AI governance framework from the dimensions of technology, organization, policy, and ethics. Based on policy text analysis, it systematically compares the convergence and divergence in AI governance practices of the United States, the European Union, Japan, and China in these four above dimensions. AI governance in various countries should fully take into account the cooperative governance strategies and the interaction of the four dimensions of TOPE, and collaborate to build a linked intelligence ecosystem for the global governance of AI.
Key words: Artificial intelligence, Developing route, Governance framework, TOPE