曾 渝 蒋培源
摘 要：随着区块链技术的蓬勃发展，应用区块链解决公共治理问题已成为各国政府创新的焦点。但当前研究大多以个案介绍区块链的技术特点，缺乏对区块链如何提升治理质量的经验总结。本文是首篇聚焦区块链在政府治理中应用的综述研究，运用系统文献综述方法全面梳理了百余篇（部）中英文论文及著作，选取典型案例分析了区块链驱动数字化协同治理的运作机制。研究发现，区块链凭借其不可篡改、可追溯与分布式存储等技术特点，可实现数字化证明、溯源鉴真以及数据共享的功能，促进多元治理主体在公共决策、行政服务和政府监管三个方面的高效协同。本文还从客观条件、主观意愿与制度安排三个角度讨论了当前政务区块链实践中存在的诸多挑战，提出了相应的政策建议。
关键词：区块链；数字化协同治理；数字治理
【作者】曾渝，北京大学政府管理学院助理教授、研究员、博士生导师，北京大学公共治理研究所研究员；蒋培源，北京大学政府管理学院博士研究生。
【Title】Blockchain-Driven Digital Collaborative Governance
Abstract: With the rapid development of blockchain technology, how to apply blockchain to improve public governance has become a focus of government innovation around the world. But most existing studies introduce the technical characteristics of blockchain through individual cases, lacking an empirical analysis on how blockchain can promote the quality of governance. This article is the first systematic review on the application of blockchain technology in administrative governance. Based on a comprehensive review of 111 Chinese and English articles and manuscripts, we select typical cases to analyze the operational mechanism of blockchain-driven digital collaborative governance. With its technological characteristics of tamper resistance, traceability, and distributed storage, blockchain can achieve functions such as digital certificate, source-tracing and authentication, as well as data sharing, thus promoting efficient collaboration among multiple governing entities in the sphere of public decision-making, government regulation, and administrative services. This article also discusses several challenges currently faced in the practice of blockchain-driven governance from the perspectives of objective conditions, subjective intentions, and institutional arrangements, and proposes policy recommendations to address these challenges.
Key words: Blockchain, Digital collaborative governance, Digital governance