公务员关系之法治化演进研究
刘俊生
【摘 要】公务员关系是指政府与公务员之间的关系，此种关系是公务员制度的根基所在，故探究公务员关系之本质具有重要的学术意义和实践价值。本文尝试沿着历史制度主义的研究路径并遵循比较研究方法对此展开分析。研究结果表明，虽然中国传统的干部人事关系是建立在特别权力关系理论基础之上的，但当代中国的公务员关系则走在了法治化的建设轨道上，尝试寻求将法治行政理论作为其发展基础。世界发达国家的公务员关系理论，大体上都经历了从特别权力关系理论到法治行政理论的演进历程。就现实公务员制度而言，当代各国公务员在基本政治权利和基本劳动权利方面仍然受到某些限制，但法律保留、法律优先、司法审查等法治行政原则现已逐渐在公务员关系规范中起到支配性作用。
【关键词】特别权力关系；法律保留；法律优先；司法审查
Abstract: Civil servant relations refer to the relations between the government and civil servants. It is the foundation of the civil servant system，therefore exploring its nature has important academic significance and practical value. This paper attempts to analyze this along the path of historical institutionalism and the comparative research method. The results show that although the traditional Chinese cadre and personnel relations are based on the theory of special power relations, the civil servant relations in contemporary China are on the track of legalization, trying to seek the rule of law as its development basis. The theory of civil servant relations in developed countries in the world has generally experienced the evolution from the theory of special power relations to the theory of rule of law. As far as the real civil service system is concerned, civil servants in contemporary countries still have certain restrictions on basic political rights and basic labor rights, but the rule of law, such as legal reservations, legal priority, judicial review, etc., has gradually become dominant in the civil service relation development.
Keywords: special power relations; legal reservations; legal priority; judicial review