中国政治学早期抽样调查研究

—-以《北京社会经济发展年度调查》(BAS)的口述史为例

岳春颖 王大鹏

 

【摘  要】抽样调查在中国改革开放背景下,政治学学科恢复之后,进入中国政治学的研究领域。在早期阶段(1988-2002),中国政治学抽样调查研究的核心特征是以数据记载历史、奠定方法论基础和人才培养基础;研究主题主要围绕政府体制改革、社会变迁,以及民众对改革的感受、态度与行为展开;在方法论的技术层面,复杂概念的操作化主要参考美国等发达国家的成熟量表,但是问卷设计上也进行了本土化尝试,而且问卷中包含了对测量误差的识别变量;在抽样方面,直接参考成熟的多阶段概率抽样设计,并且经历了由户籍抽样到GPS辅助地址抽样的变迁;在这一阶段,中国政治学抽样调查确立了一套严格的实地入户面访的执行标准和程序。此外,在早期发展阶段,中国政治学抽样调查利用大学教育、专业培训、实地调研实习平台等方式迅速培养了最早的一批政治学量化研究人才。

【关键词】中国政治学抽样调查;口述史;量化研究;政治发展

Abstract: Sample survey has entered into the academia after China's reform and reestablishment of political science discipline. In the early stage of research (1988-2002), the core characteristic of using sample survey was to record the history with data and lay the foundation of methodology and talent training. The research topics are mainly the changes of government system and society, as well as the attitude and behavior of the contemporary Chinese people. As for the technology of methodology, the operationalization of complex concepts mainly refers to the mature survey scale in developed countries such as the United States. In terms of the questionnaire design, localization attempts have been made, but have not been applied on the thorough research in regards to the identification of some difficult measurement error. In the sampling aspect, the mature multi-stage probabilistic sampling design is directly referenced, and there is a change from Household Registration Sample Method to GPS Assisted Area Sampling Method. Moreover, a set of strict standards and procedures is established in the field implementation and data management. In the early stage, the earliest batch of quantitative research talents in political science were rapidly cultivated by means of university education, professional training and field practice platform.

Key words: Survey in Chinese political science; Oral history, Quantitative studies, Political development

 

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