Holly Snape
【摘 要】“习惯”和“制度”均为政治学、社会学、经济学等各社会科学关注的常见对象。二者之间的互动机理以及其在不同社会环境下的互动细节值得探究。本研究认为习惯与制度的互动可这样来理解：人类社会中，个体行为到普遍习惯再到不成文或成文制度的变化总是在持续发生；经过长期演化，特定国别、地域将逐渐积累形成社会结构、文化心理等有别于其他地域的特征，并对习惯与制度的互动产生影响。本研究运用案例研究方法，选取了英国酒馆（pub）作为观察对象，以英国酒馆的起源、英国与酒馆相关的制度变化、英国人在酒馆中的行为习惯为观察内容，为前述一般理论提供了丰富的细节支持。研究梳理了英国这一特定的社会环境下，习惯与制度互动的具体表现及社会特征对于制度遵守、制度变化的作用。
【关键词】习惯；制度；英国酒馆（pub）；社会特征
Abstract: Habits and institutions have long been the subject of research across the social sciences, with political scientists, sociologists, and economists all seeking to explain how the two interact. This study borrows from the existing notion that an individual–social group perspective can help us to understand the relationship between habits and institutions. It suggests that in human society the development from individual behaviors to common habits and to informal or formal institutions is a constant process; and that, evolving over the long term, in specific social—“national” or regional—settings, social structures and cultural identities emerge and develop that then influence the interaction between institutions and habits. It uses the British pub as the setting of its case study, examining the origins of pub-going, the development of institutions related to the pub, and the habits of pub-goers.
Key words: Habits; Institutions; the British pub; Social characteristics