曾 渝 蒋光明
摘要：比较政治学文献中对中国政治发展的研究大多从制度主义的视角考察制度韧性，忽视了中国共产党在政治理念上与西方政党存在的巨大差异，因而难以解释中国治理的具体形态。本文认为，中国共产党在革命战争时期创立的群众路线对社会主义建设时期和改革开放以来的政治制度产生了深远的影响，使党在掌控国家机器的同时仍具备强大的政治动员能力。为了论述这一观点，本文运用政治螺旋理论，结合马克思主义认识论和方法论，分析了群众路线理念的形成以及随后发生政策“漂移”与“转化”的历史过程。通过论证群众路线理念在中国政治发展中起到的关键作用，本文为政治发展的制度主义解释补充了政治理念的维度。
关键词：政治发展；政治理念；政治螺旋；群众路线
【作 者】曾渝，政治科学博士，北京大学政府管理学院助理教授；蒋光明，北京大学政府管理学院政治学博士研究生。
【Title】Political Idea and Political Development: The Evolution of Mass Line from the Perspective of the Spiral of Politics
Abstract: In the comparative politics literature, most studies on the political development of contemporary China examine the regime’s resilience from the institutionalist perspective, overlook substantial difference between the Communist Party of China and Western parties in political ideas, and thus fail to explain the specific form of Chinese governance. In this paper, we argue that the mass line, an idea devised by the Communist Party of China in the revolutionary todays, has profound impact on governing institutions, enabling the party to maintain both a strong mobilization capacity and control over the bureaucratic machine of the state. To illustrate this point, the paper utilizes the theory of spiral of politics, integrated with Marxist epistemology and methodology, to trace the formation of the mass line as well as its subsequent policy drift and policy conversion. By demonstrating the key role of the mass line idea in China’s political development, the paper adds a new dimension of political idea to the institutionalist explanation of political development.
Keywords: Political development, Political idea, Spiral of politics, Mass line