程美东
摘 要：“五四”以来中国民众社会身份称谓的变化大致经历了三个阶段。第一个是“劳工神圣”，这是当时进步知识分子第一次在中国运用社会主义的观点赋予劳动人民的崭新社会身份。第二个是“工农至上”，这是中国共产党领导革命和建设时期运用传统马克思主义观点赋予工农大众的崇高社会身份。第三个是“打工人”，这是新时代劳动者自己的自称。这三种身份称呼的变化反映了近代百年来中国劳动大众身份由被塑到自塑的发展过程，以及近代中国民众对自我身份的认知从无知到自觉的认识过程。
关键词：劳工神圣；工农至上；打工人；民众身份
【作 者】程美东，北京大学马克思主义学院教授。
【Title】From “Labor Sacredness” to “Dagong Ren”: A Hundred Years of Making and Self-Making of Chinese People’s Identity
Abstract：Since the May Fourth Movement, the changes in Chinese people's social identity appellations have generally gone through three processes: The first is "Labor sacredness". This was the first time that progressive intellectuals used the socialist viewpoint in China to give working people a new social identity. The second is "workers and peasants supremacy", which is the lofty social identity given to the workers and peasants by using traditional Marxist views during the period of revolution and construction led by the Communist Party of China. The third is "Dagong Ren"(workmen), which is what the workers call themselves in the new era. The changes in these three identities reflect the development process of the Chinese working masses' identity from being made to self-made in the modern century, and reflect the process of modern Chinese people's cognition of self-identity from ignorance to conscious recognition.
Key words: Labor sacredness, Workers and peasants supremacy, Dagong Ren, Public identity