——以“五一口号”发布前后的黄炎培为例
朱丁睿 臧运祜
【摘要】抗战时期，中国共产党倡导建立的抗日民族统一战线，团结各方力量，为赢得战争胜利发挥了重要作用。抗战胜利前后，围绕建国问题，中共与黄炎培为代表的民主人士通力合作，双方在政党协商、地方自治、人民主权等方面达成了共识，但就未来中国的政治道路选择以及革命领导权上，仍存在意见分歧。国共内战爆发后，中共放弃了同国民党的合作，转向独立领导建立新中国，并积极争取民盟、民建等民主党派人士的支持。这期间，黄炎培经历了对国民党从支持、怀疑到放弃的过程，并在中共“五一口号”发布之后，完成了思想的转变，支持中共领导的联合政府，最终北上，参加了新政协。解放战争时期中共与黄炎培等民主人士的关系历史，不但雄辩地证明了中国共产党统一战线的伟大力量、新民主主义的强烈吸引力与新中国的巨大号召力，也为中国共产党领导的多党合作与政治协商的新型政党制度的形成与确立，奠定了深厚的历史基础。
【关键词】中国共产党；统一战线；解放战争；民主党派；黄炎培；中国新型政党制度
【作 者】朱丁睿，北京大学历史学系博士研究生；臧运祜，北京大学历史学系教授。
【Title】Relationship between the Communist Party of China and Democrats during the War of Liberation----A Case Study of Huang Yanpei before and after the Labor Day Slogan
Abstract: During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Second United Front under the leadership of the Communist Party of China（CCP）united all forces and played an important role in winning the war. Before and after the victory of The Second Sino-Japanese War, the CCP and the democratic personages by Huang Yanpei worked closely together on the issue of nation-building. The two sides reached consensus on political party negotiation, local autonomy, and people’s sovereignty. However, there was a divergence of opinions on the choice of political path in the future and the leadership of Chinese revolution. After the outbreak of the Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War, the CCP gradually gave up cooperating with the Kuomintang（KMT）and turned to independent leadership to build the country, and actively sought the support of the China Democratic League, the China National Democratic Construction Association and other democratic parties. During this period, Huang Yanpei went through the transformation of supporting the KMT to suspecting the KMT and giving up following the KMT in the end. After the CCP’s the Labor Day Slogan was issued, he completed the transformation, supported the coalition government led by the CCP, and finally went north to participate in the New Political Consultative Conference. The history of the relationship between the CCP and other democratic personages including Huang Yanpei during the Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War not only eloquently proved the great strength of the Chinese Communist Party’s united front, the strong attraction of new democracy, and the great appeal of New China, but also the multi-party leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. The formation of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the CCP has laid a solid historical foundation for a new type of party system.
Key words: The Communist Party of China, the United Front, War of Liberation, Democratic Parties, Huang Yanpei, China's new type of party system