田改伟
摘要：大革命时期，由于中国革命的复杂性和中国共产党处于初创阶段，党对领导地位和领导制度的探索经历了一个发展变化的过程。根据革命任务的需要，逐步完善了领导体制，改善了领导方式，最终形成了具有自身特色的领导制度体系。党的领导，首先表现在对阶级的领导，通过组织动员各阶级，建立民主主义的联合战线。在推动民主革命的过程中，坚持政治上的领导地位，逐渐确立对各群众团体的领导权。始终以革命性和先进性为导向，初步建立了自身的组织领导制度，为提高领导水平和领导力做出积极探索。而在如何处理党与政权的关系方面，也经历了一个从不准担任政府职员到有限争取职位的过程，初步建构起对政权的领导意识。作为诞生不久的无产阶级政党，中国共产党的领导地位和领导制度的形成与确立呈现如下特点：在革命中的领导地位主要是政治领导；对领导地位的认识与党对中国革命性质的判断息息相关；获取领导地位必须进行英勇斗争；所建立的领导制度深受第三国际的影响。
关键词：大革命时期；领导地位；领导制度；中国共产党；第三国际
【作 者】田改伟，中国社会科学院政治学研究所研究员。
【Title】The Formation and Consolidation of the Leadership Status and Leadership Institution of the Communist Party of China during the Great Revolution
Abstract: During the Great Revolution, due to the complexity of the Chinese revolution and the founding of the party, the Party's establishment of leadership and leadership system underwent a process of development and change. According to the needs of the revolution task, gradually perfect the Party's leadership system and improve the Party's leadership style, and finally formed a leadership system with its own characteristics. The Party's leadership is, first and foremost, manifested in its leadership over the classes, by mobilizing all classes to establish a democratic united front. In the process of promoting the democratic revolution, it persisted in its political leadership and gradually established its leadership over all mass organizations. Guided by its revolutionary and advanced nature, it initially established its own leadership system and made active explorations to improve its leadership level and leadership. How to deal with the relationship between the party and the political power has also experienced a process from not being allowed to serve as government staff to limited striving for positions, and initially constructed the leadership consciousness of the political power. As a newly born proletarian party, the formation and establishment of the leadership position and leadership system of the Communist Party of China presents the following characteristics: the leadership position in the revolution is mainly political leadership; the understanding of the leadership position is closely related to the Party's understanding of the Chinese revolution; the leadership position is obtained through struggle; and the establishment of the leadership system is deeply influenced by the third international.
Key words: The Great Revolution period; Leadership; Leadership system; The Communist Party of China; The third international