梁平汉 邹伟
摘 要：构建党委领导、政府主导、企业主体、社会组织和公众共同参与的现代环境治理体系是生态文明体制改革的重要目标，而公众对于环境问题的关注是参与环境治理的前提条件。本文基于2015年初 Q纪录片播放这一外生事件，分析了公众环境关注度对于环境治理的影响。我们基于爬取的微博相关发帖量构造了地级市层面的公众环境关注度指标，并匹配2014和2015年中国企业排放数据和城市统计年鉴数据。研究发现，公众环境关注度的提升显著降低了当地企业的污染排放量。具体而言，纪录片播放后引起的公众关注度每提高10个百分点，当地企业二氧化硫（SO2）和一氧化氮（NO）排放量平均分别减少0.27个百分点和0.2个百分点。公众关注度主要影响了消费品行业企业的污染排放。基于环保举报微博和人民网“地方领导人留言板”数据的分析表明，公众环境关注度的增加促使公众积极向地方政府反映环保诉求，地方政府也相应提升了对于环保诉求的回应，并加强了环保执法力度，推动企业减排。各类稳健性检验进一步验证了本文的基本结论。本文研究表明，通过市场施压和向政府提出诉求是公民参与环境治理的重要渠道，有效的环境治理体系需要通过环保信息的透明公开引导公众的积极参与，形成市场和政府的合力，以保证环境状况的持续改善。
关键词：企业排污；公众关注；执法力度；微博
【作 者】梁平汉，中山大学中国公共管理研究中心，政治与公共事务管理学院教授，博士生导师；邹伟（通讯作者），中南财经政法大学财政与税务学院，副研究员。
【Title】Public Attention and Environmental Governance:
Evidence from the Release of Documentary Q
Abstract: Building a modern environmental governance system led by the party, the government, and participated by the enterprises, NGO, and the public is an important goal of the reform to promote ecological progress. The public attention to environment is a prerequisite for the public participation of environmental governance. Based on the exogenous release of an environmental documentary in early 2015, this paper analyzes the impact of public attention on environmental governance. We construct a prefecture-level public attention index on environmental attention based on the Weibo posts, and match the Chinese Firms’ emissions data and the city-level socioeconomic data between 2014 and 2015. The study finds that the raising environmental attention has significantly reduced the pollution emissions of local enterprises. Specifically, for every 10 percentage points increase in public attention after the documentary, the SO2 and NO emissions of local enterprises decreased by 0.27 percentage points and 0.2 percentage points, respectively. Public attention mainly affects the pollution emissions of companies in the consumer goods industry. The analysis based on the data of Weibo and local leaders message board of People's Daily shows that the increase of environmental attention has prompted the public to actively reflect environmental protection demands to the local government, and the local government has correspondingly improved its response to environmental protection demands and strengthened environmental protection. A series of robustness tests further verify the basic conclusions. The research shows that pressure from the market and appeals to the government are an important channel for citizens to participate in environmental governance. An effective environmental governance system needs to guide the active participation for the public through the transparency and disclosure of environmental protection information, and form a joint force between the market and the government to ensure environmental protection.
Key words: Firms’ pollution, Public attention, Law enforcement, Microblog