——中国城市地表水的实证研究
王程伟 马 亮
摘要：在水污染治理领域，自上而下的目标设置、过程监管和激励机制日益明晰。全国水环境质量总体保持改善势头，水环境治理绩效持续提升。本文以生态环境部开展的“地级及以上城市国家地表水考核断面水环境质量排名”为研究场域，探究月度排名如何促使342个城市提高水环境治理绩效。研究发现，排名机制能够促进城市在下月显著提高水环境治理绩效，并会通过绩效反馈机制影响地方政府的回应性。排名机制会对绩效反馈的影响产生调节作用，削弱环保领域“治标不治本”的政策现象，说明中国情境下的“弱排名激励”能够发挥更持续的作用。本文的结论为政府信息公开与环境治理绩效提供更深层次的理论解释，并为政府设置和使用更为科学的排名机制与工具提供理论支撑。
关键词：环境治理；水环境污染；城市排名；绩效反馈；绩效提升
【作者】王程伟，中国人民大学公共管理学院博士研究生。马亮，中国人民大学公共管理学院教授，国家发展与战略研究院研究员，博士生导师，博士，研究方向：公共组织创新、政府绩效管理。
【Title】How Does City Ranking Promote Environmental Performance?
——An Empirical Study of Surface Water Ranking in Chinese Cities
Abstract: In the field of water pollution control, top-down goal setting, process supervision and incentive mechanism have been used increasingly. National water environment quality has maintained an overall momentum of improvement, and the performance of water environment treatment has improved since then. This paper uses the case of the water environment quality ranking of national surface water assessment section of prefecture-level cities by the Ministry of Ecological Environment to explore how the monthly ranking promotes 342 cities to improve the performance of water environment treatment. The study finds that the city ranking mechanism promotes municipal governments to significantly improve the water environment governance performance, and the ranking affects the responsiveness of local governments through the performance feedback and weakens cream skimming in the field of environmental protection. The results show that the "weak ranking incentive" in China can play a more sustainable role than other policy instruments. The findings provide a deeper theoretical explanation of government information disclosure and environmental governance performance, and provide theoretical support for the government to develop more evidence-based ranking mechanisms and tools.
Key words: Environmental governance, Water pollution, City ranking, Performance feedback, Performance improvement