王亚华 王睿 康静宁
【摘要】 制度设计是社会科学中的一个关键问题。作为对这一问题的重要探索，埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆提出的八项制度设计原则，已成为公共事物治理的经典理论。过去30年涌现出大量对设计原则的实证检验，体现其深刻的理论意蕴与实践价值，同时也促进了对设计原则的反思，并推动了制度设计理论的发展。总体上，设计原则的检验与反思为理解制度设计问题带来了重要启示：第一，制度设计在一定条件下是可行的；第二，制度会受到众多因素的影响，不存在通用的“万能药”；第三，随着对复杂社会系统的深入理解，制度可以向精细设计迈进；第四，精细制度设计受限于人类对于复杂系统的科学认识。
【关键词】设计原则；公共事物；公共池塘资源；自主治理；集体行动
【作 者】王亚华，博士，清华大学公共管理学院教授，博导，主要研究方向为公共事物治理与公共政策、资源环境管理与三农问题研究；王睿，清华大学公共管理学院硕士研究生；康静宁，清华大学公共管理学院博士研究生。
【Title】Examination and Introspection on Institutional Design Principle of Commons Governance
Abstract ：As an important exploration of the study on institutional design, which is a key issue in social science, the Eight Design Principles proposed by Elinor Ostrom has become a classic theory in the field of commons governance. Over the past 30 years, lots of studies and empirical tests on the Design Principles emerged prominently, which has revealed profound values both in theory and practice, promoting the introspection of Design Principles and the development of institutional design theory as well. On the whole, the tests and introspection of Design Principles bring several important enlightenments to institutional design theory: first of all, institutional design is feasible under certain conditions; secondly, institutional design will be affected by many factors, so there is no "panacea"; thirdly, with a deeper understanding of complex social systems, institutional design can move towards precise design; finally, precise institutional design is limited by human's scientific understanding of complex systems.
Key words: Design Principles, Commons, Common-Pool resources, Self-Governance, Collective action